Ngā Āhua Moko Kiri 20 e Whakamāramatia Ana: He Aratohu Māmā

Ko te nuinga o te pōuri moko kiri ko te pōuri āhua. He pai te kaupeka; he hē te reo i tūhia ai. Ko te mōhio ki ā ia āhua — me pēhea e ora ai — ko te ara iti rawa e taea ai te whakatau ka ora tonu i ngā tau.

He pēhea te rerekē o ngā āhua moko kiri ki te mauiui raina me te ātea hinu?

Ka haere te mauiui raina mai i ngā raina pūhono kotahi ki ngā toru pūtake miro. Ka rerekē te hinu mai i te whatu pango tonu ki ngā ātea wai-tae māmā. Nā ērā e rua ahuatanga ka aro atu ia āhua ki tōna wāhi motuhake ki runga i tētahi kūiti kotahi e taea ai te haere.

Ko ngā tāhuhu hangarau e rua e wehewehe ana i tētahi āhua moko kiri ki tētahi atu ko te mauiui raina me te ara hinu. Ka haere te mauiui raina mai i ngā tango pūhono o fine line — he ngira kotahi, e 0.18 mm, e 0.20 mm rānei — ki ngā āhua mauiui e toru pūtake miro o te American traditional, i hangaia nui ai kia kitea tonutia mai i tāwāhi i roto i ngā tekau tau. Ko te hinu he aho motuhake ōna: whatu pango tonu, tūhono poka-poka, ātea hinu pango, tae tōpuni māmā, toto wai-tae, kāore rānei he hinu.

Ka huihui ngā āhua ki ngā whānau e kitea ana, nā te mea i tipu ngātahi ētahi huinga raina me te hinu mō ētahi take motuhake. Ka homai e te American traditional ngā raina mauiui me ngā tae tōpuni, nā te mea ka ora tērā huinga mō ngā rā whetū, mō ngā tau, mō te wetewete hinu i runga i te kiri — ko tēnei āhua he hangarau ōroa, kāore he toi. Ka homai e te fine line ngā tango pūhono me te hinu iti nā te mea i tipu i runga i ngā ringa, i muri o ngā taringa, i ngā wāhi iti o ngā tau 2010 e kaha rawa te mauiui i ēnei wāhi iti. Ka homai e te irezumi Hapanihi ngā raina mauiui-iti me ngā tae māmā me ngā wahanga āhuru, nā te mea ko te mahi he tāpiri whakaaro ki tētahi tūāhu katoa, kāore ko tētahi tohu takitahi. Mō te whakapapa ahurea o ēnei tikanga, ko te Tuhinga Moko Kiri a te Encyclopedia Britannica he tīmata pai mō te whakaahua nui o ērā reo ātaahua i hangaia ai.

Ko te māramatanga o tēnei kūiti ka taea ai ōu whakaaro māmā. Mēnā e aroha ana ki tētahi kaupeka Hapanihi engari e hiahia ana ki tētahi mea iti ake, kaua e whakarere i te āhua katoa — pupuri i te raina mauiui-iti me te wāhi āhuru, tukua ake te tae tōpuni. Mēnā e aroha ana ki te fine line engari ko te wāhi e tino nui rawa atu mō ngā raina pūhono i roto i ngā tau e rima, tū ki tētahi raina mauiui-iti me te hinu iti. Ko te āhua ko te reo; ka taea tōu tuhituhi mēnā ka taea tōu pānui.

He aha ngā āhua e pai ana te ora, ā, ko ēhea e māene tere ana?

Ko ngā āhua raina-mauiui pērā i te American traditional, blackwork, me Hapanihi e ora pai ana — ka pai ake rānei i muri i ngā rua tekau tau. Ko te fine line, wai-tae, me te hinu mā e māene tere ana, ka hurihia, ka ngaro rānei i roto i ngā tekau ki ngā tekau tau.

Ko te ora ko te tāhuhu e tino iti ana tōna taumaha i ngā hou, engari ko te pōuri nui rawa. He ora, he ngana, he whetū-ko-tōu te kiri, ā, ko ngā āhua moko kiri i hangaia i mua i te tukunga o ngā aukati i aro ki tērā kiri — i whakamahia ai ngā raina mauiui me ngā tae māmā, nā te mea ko ērā ngā āhuatanga e pupuri ana i tō rātou āhua i a ka wetewete ngā hinu i ngā rau tau. Ko ngā tauira traditional mai i ngā tau 1950 ka kitea tonutia inaianei; ehara tērā i te mea ohorere, ko te hangarau tērā.

Ko ngā āhua e māene, e hurihia rawa ana e tokorua ngā āhuatanga: ngā tango pūhono me ngā hinu kore-māmā. Ko te mahi fine line ki ngā wāhi ka pakiaka tere — ngā māikuku, waewae, roto o ngā tāhōa — ka hiahia ana ki ngā kōmihana i roto i ngā tau e toru ki ngā rima; ko taua hoahoa anō ki runga i tētahi kaokao iti-pakiaka ka mau mō ngā tekau tau. Ko ngā moko kiri wai-tae, e whakaaro ana ki te ātea toto o ngā peita i roto i ngā raina, ka ngaro te āhua rite i a ka mahi tonu te kiri i taua mahi mō rātou — ko ētahi hoahoa wai-tae ka māmā ake i te tau rima atu i tō te tohunga i mōhio ai, ā, kāore e mōhiotia ana i te tau tekau ma rima. Ko ngā hinu mā me ngā tae māmā e māene tere rawa ana, ka mutu i roto i ngā rua, ngā toru tau rānei, ā, he torutoru ngā wā e āhua rite ana ki tōna āhua hou.

Kāore tērā e kī ana ko te fine line, wai-tae, me te hinu mā he kōwhiringa hē — ko tōna tikanga he kōwhiringa me tētahi āhua wā rerekē. Mēnā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi āhua mō tētahi mea nui ka mau mō te ora, tū ki ngā tikanga raina-mauiui: tirohanga whānui o te āhua blackwork, traditional, ā rānei tirohanga whānui o te irezumi Hapanihi. Mēnā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi āhua mō tētahi mea ka whakaae koe ki ngā kōmihana me te tangohia, he kōwhiringa māmā, ātaahua hoki te fine line me te wai-tae, mēnā kua āta whakaaro i ngā utu tiaki.

Me pēhea te tūhono i tētahi āhua ki tō whakaaro?

Hōmai atu tāu kaupeka ki ngā āhua e rua, e toru rānei i mua i tōu whakatau. Ko te āhua e tūāhutia ana i te kaupeka ki te rahi tūturu me te wāhi noho tūturu ko tērā tika — ehara ko te āhua i tohua e koe i roto i tō whakaahua a tētahi atu.

Ko te hapa nui rawa atu ka mahia e ngā tāngata ko te whiriwhiri i te āhua tuatahi, ka akiaki ana i te kaupeka kia uru. Me whai ake te āhua i te kaupeka, te rahi, me te wāhi noho — i tērā raupapahanga — nā te mea ko te āhua hē mō tētahi kaupeka motuhake kāore e puta mai i tētahi āhua poka rawa atu o te moko kiri tika, he moko kiri noa tōna e hē ana tōna kaupeka. Ko tētahi koi i roto i te fine line ehara ia i tētahi koi Hapanihi iti ake; he mea kē ia, ā, ka hē, ka tika rānei tērā mea kē i ruia atu i tōu hiahia.

Ko te mahi māmā ko te whakaputa, whakaaro rānei i tēnā kaupeka anō i roto i ngā āhua e rua, e toru rānei i mua i tōu whakatau. Ko tētahi rose i roto i te American traditional he tohu mauiui, māiori; ko tētahi rose i roto i tētahi tirohanga whānui o te fine line he āhua tapu, māmā; ko tētahi rose i roto i te blackwork he āhua tohu; ko tētahi rose i roto i te realism he ata. Ko ēnei ngā moko kiri e whā rerekē. Ko te whiriwhiri i waenga i ēnei ki runga i te mata, i te rahi tūturu me te wāhi noho tūturu e hiahia ana koe, he kore utu — ko te whiriwhiri i waenga i ēnei ki roto i tētahi tūru he rau tāra, ngā hāora e toru ia whakaete.

Hohoatia te taumaha ātaahua o te āhua ki te taumaha ātaahua o te tikanga. Ka āhua pai ngā kaupeka me ngā tikanga māmā ki ngā āhua māmā; ka āhua pai ngā kaupeka e hiahia ana koe ko te ao e kite ana ki ngā āhua raorao. He rerekētanga ana — ka taea te kawe he tikanga nui rawa e tētahi moko kiri fine-line iti, ā, ka taea tētahi moko kiri traditional raorao te noho tōhanga — engari hei aratohu tōmua he mea māmā ki te whakaraupapa. Ka kitea e koe te tūhono āhua me kaupeka i mua i a koe, ko tōu nekeneke tonu ko te huri i tērā kōwhiringa mutunga ki tētahi mahere tūturu: tirohia te huri i tētahi kōwhiringa āhua ki tētahi mahere mō te ara ki te wāhi noho, te rahi, me tētahi reta māmā ka taea ai e tōu tohunga te mahi.

He aha ngā ia āhua e rongonui ana i te tau 2026?

Ka mau tonu te fine line hei āhua nui o ngā moko kiri tuatahi, ko te blackwork me te dotwork e tipu ana mō ngā mahi nui, ā, ko tētahi hou o te neo-traditional mauiui e ara ake ana. Ka mau tonu te realism; ko te wai-tae kua hipa ake tōna wā.

Ko te āhua o te tau 2026 ko tētahi mākete kua pakiara ake i tō te fine line tahi-wāhanga o ngā tau 2010 ōmuri, engari kāore i tukua. Ka mau tonu te fine line hei āhua nui o ngā moko kiri tuatahi, ina koa i ngā kaitiaki e iti iho i ngā tekau tau, nā te mea he māmā te hapa, he ātaahua ngā ata, ā, ka pai ki ngā wāhi noho iti. Ko te hurihanga ko ngā tohunga e tōmua ake ana e ārahi ana i ngā kaitiaki fine line ki ngā mauiui teitei ake — ko tētahi ngira 0.30 mm rānei i tō 0.18 mm — mō ēhea wāhi noho e nui ake ana i tētahi moni utu, nā te mea ko ngā raraunga ora rima tau mō ngā raina pūhono e kitea ana inaianei ki runga i ngā tinana tūturu, ā, ko te kōrero ko ngā raina pūhono ka hurihia tere ake i tā ngā kaitiaki i mōhio ai.

Ko te blackwork me te dotwork ngā āhua e tipu tere rawa ana mō ngā mahi nui. Ko te ātaahua — te wāhi āhuru nui, te hanganga aho-aho, te toi whakairo — ka mahi ki runga i ngā tāhōa, ngā kaokao, me ngā tuarā e kore e taea e te fine line te whakakī. Ko te neo-traditional, e tūhono ana i ngā raina mauiui me ngā tae māmā o te American traditional ki ngā toi māmā me ngā kaupeka māori ake, he hou māmā ōna i roto i ngā kaitiaki e toru tekau tau ōna e hiahia ana ki te ōroa me ngā aukati ahurea o te traditional tino-rite. Ka mau tonu te realism hei āhua tūāoma, ina koa mō ngā ata me ngā kaupeka kararehe, ā, ka oranga noa i ngā hangarau ngira me hinu e pai ake ana.

Ko te wai-tae, i tino rongonui ana i ngā tau 2010 ōmuri me ngā tau 2020 tōmua, kua māmā ake tōna tūnga i te mākete — wahanga noa i ngā raraunga ora rima tau he kino, wahanga hoki nō te mea ko te ātaahua anō e hono ana ki tētahi wā motuhake. Kāore tērā e kī ana ko te whai i ngā ia āhua ko te pūtake tika mō te whiriwhiri āhua; ko ngā ia āhua he horopaki whai hua, ehara i te pūtake whakatau. Ko tētahi āhua i rongonui ana mō ngā rau tau mō ngā take hangarau māmā he kōwhiringa pai ake i tōna wā katoa i tētahi āhua e rongonui ana i tēnei hauangi mō ngā take ātaahua.

Ngā āhua × mauiui raina × hinu × ora × uaua

raina pūhono — He āhua moko kiri e tohu ana ki ngā tango pūhono — i tūhia nuitia i runga i tētahi ngira kotahi 0.18 ki 0.25 mm — me te hinu iti, kāore rānei. Ka puta he mahi māmā, ātaahua hoki, e tōtika ana ki ngā wāhi noho iti ki runga i ngā kiri iti-pakiaka.